Robust CATCH signal

Robust CATCH signal

CATCH, a Cauchy combination of complementary methods, is the most robust overall approach, consistently achieving high statistical power while maintaining effective false-positive control across simulations and real-data benchmarks.

Literature-informed relevance score

Literature-informed relevance score

A literature-informed benchmark integrating PubMed evidence with large language model-assisted literature synthesis, used to evaluate 21 trait-cell type mapping methods.

Literature-informed trait–cell type relevance score
CATCH −log10(P)
● Putative positive pair ◆ Putative negative pair
Relevance score
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25
CATCH −log10(P) (cap 10)
0 1 2 5 10
Tissue group: Blood/immune Skeletal/growth Liver/metabolic Cancer/skin GI/autoimmune Brain Cardiovascular Lung Other/stromal
Trait × cell type table (all cell types)
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